Banaler Nationalismus: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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{{Primary sources|article|date= October 2011}} | {{Primary sources|article|date= October 2011}} | ||
[[Image:Dorothea Lange pledge of allegiance.jpg|thumb|The [[ | {{Nationalism sidebar}} | ||
[[Image:Dorothea Lange pledge of allegiance.jpg|right|200px|thumb|The [[Pledge of Allegiance]] in the [[United States]] is one of the most overt forms of banal nationalism – most are less obvious.]] | |||
'''Banal nationalism''' refers to the everyday representations of the nation which build a shared sense of national belonging amongst humans. The term is derived from [[Michael Billig]]'s 1995 book of the same name | '''Banal nationalism''' refers to the everyday representations of the nation which build a shared sense of national belonging amongst humans. The term is derived from [[Michael Billig]]'s 1995 book of the same name and is intended to be understood critically. The concept has been highly influential, particularly within the discipline of [[political geography]], with continued academic interest since its publication in the 1990s.<ref name="Koch">{{cite journal|last1=Koch|first1=Nathalie|author2=Anssi Paasi|title=Banal Nationalism 20 years on: Re-thinking, re-formulating and re-contextualizing the concept|journal=Political Geography|date=September 2016|volume=54|pages=1-6|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.06.002|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629816300257}}</ref> Today the term is used primarily in academic discussion of [[identity formation]] and [[geopolitics]]. | ||
Examples of banal nationalism include the use of flags in everyday contexts, [[nationalism in sport|sporting events]], [[national anthems|national songs]], symbols on money,{{ | Examples of banal nationalism include the use of flags in everyday contexts, [[nationalism in sport|sporting events]], [[national anthems|national songs]], symbols on money,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Penrose|first1=Jan|title=Designing the nation. Banknotes, banal nationalism and alternative conceptions of the state|journal=Political Geography|date=November 2011|volume=30|issue=8|pages=429-440|doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.09.007|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629811001594|accessdate=13 December 2017}}</ref> popular expressions and turns of phrase, patriotic clubs, the use of implied togetherness in the national press, for example, the use of terms such as ''the'' prime minister, ''the'' weather, ''our'' team, and divisions into "domestic" and "international" news. Many of these symbols are most effective because of their constant repetition, and almost [[subliminal messages|subliminal]] nature. Banal nationalism is often created via state institutions such as schools. <ref>The banal nationalism of intercultural communication advice. May 12th 2017. Language on the Move. http://www.languageonthemove.com/the-banal-nationalism-of-intercultural-communication-advice/</ref> | ||
Michael Billig's primary purpose in coining the term was to clearly differentiate everyday, endemic nationalism from extremist variants. He argued that the academic and journalistic focus on extreme nationalists, [[Separatism|independence]] movements, and [[Xenophobia|xenophobe]]s in the 1980s and 1990s obscured the modern strength and the most common strain of contemporary nationalism, by implying that it was a fringe ideology. | Michael Billig's primary purpose in coining the term was to clearly differentiate everyday, endemic nationalism from extremist variants. He argued that the academic and journalistic focus on extreme nationalists, [[Separatism|independence]] movements, and [[Xenophobia|xenophobe]]s in the 1980s and 1990s obscured the modern strength and the most common strain of contemporary nationalism, by implying that it was a fringe ideology.<ref name="Koch" /> He noted the almost unspoken assumption of the utmost importance of the nation in political discourse of the time, for example in the calls to protect Kuwait during the [[1991 Gulf War]], or the [[Falklands War|Falkland Islands in 1982]]. He argues that the "hidden" nature of modern nationalism makes it a very powerful ideology, partially because it remains largely unexamined and unchallenged, yet remains the basis for powerful political movements, and most political violence in the world today. Banal nationalism should not be thought of as a weak form of nationalism, but the basis for "dangerous nationalisms" <ref>Wade, L. Banal Nationalism. July 4 2014. https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2014/07/04/banal-nationalism/</ref> However, in earlier times calls to the "nation" were not as important, when religion, monarchy or family might have been invoked more successfully to mobilize action. He also uses the concept to dispute [[post-modernist]] claims that the [[nation-state]] is in decline, noting particularly the continued [[hegemony|hegemonic]] power of [[American nationalism]]. | ||
=== | ==External links== | ||
Extracts from Billig's ''Banal Nationalism'' http://www.nationalismproject.org/what.htm | |||
== | ==References== | ||
* Billig, M. (1995). ''Banal Nationalism''. London: Sage Publications. | |||
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{{Nationalism}} | {{Nationalism}} | ||
[[Category:Nationalism]] | [[Category:Nationalism]] | ||
Version vom 14. August 2018, 14:33 Uhr
Vorlage:Primary sources Vorlage:Nationalism sidebar
Banal nationalism refers to the everyday representations of the nation which build a shared sense of national belonging amongst humans. The term is derived from Michael Billig's 1995 book of the same name and is intended to be understood critically. The concept has been highly influential, particularly within the discipline of political geography, with continued academic interest since its publication in the 1990s.[1] Today the term is used primarily in academic discussion of identity formation and geopolitics.
Examples of banal nationalism include the use of flags in everyday contexts, sporting events, national songs, symbols on money,[2] popular expressions and turns of phrase, patriotic clubs, the use of implied togetherness in the national press, for example, the use of terms such as the prime minister, the weather, our team, and divisions into "domestic" and "international" news. Many of these symbols are most effective because of their constant repetition, and almost subliminal nature. Banal nationalism is often created via state institutions such as schools. [3]
Michael Billig's primary purpose in coining the term was to clearly differentiate everyday, endemic nationalism from extremist variants. He argued that the academic and journalistic focus on extreme nationalists, independence movements, and xenophobes in the 1980s and 1990s obscured the modern strength and the most common strain of contemporary nationalism, by implying that it was a fringe ideology.[1] He noted the almost unspoken assumption of the utmost importance of the nation in political discourse of the time, for example in the calls to protect Kuwait during the 1991 Gulf War, or the Falkland Islands in 1982. He argues that the "hidden" nature of modern nationalism makes it a very powerful ideology, partially because it remains largely unexamined and unchallenged, yet remains the basis for powerful political movements, and most political violence in the world today. Banal nationalism should not be thought of as a weak form of nationalism, but the basis for "dangerous nationalisms" [4] However, in earlier times calls to the "nation" were not as important, when religion, monarchy or family might have been invoked more successfully to mobilize action. He also uses the concept to dispute post-modernist claims that the nation-state is in decline, noting particularly the continued hegemonic power of American nationalism.
External links
Extracts from Billig's Banal Nationalism http://www.nationalismproject.org/what.htm
References
- Billig, M. (1995). Banal Nationalism. London: Sage Publications.
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Vorlage:Cite journal
- ↑ Vorlage:Cite journal
- ↑ The banal nationalism of intercultural communication advice. May 12th 2017. Language on the Move. http://www.languageonthemove.com/the-banal-nationalism-of-intercultural-communication-advice/
- ↑ Wade, L. Banal Nationalism. July 4 2014. https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2014/07/04/banal-nationalism/